Over the past two years, everyone has been chasing large language models and staring at chat interfaces.

But the more I research, the more certain I am of one thing: large models are certainly important, but they are just the top layer. What truly supports the entire AI era and allows money to flow upstream layer by layer are the layers beneath it — computing power, storage, networks, electricity, payments, digital assets…

Layer by layer, they piece together a whole new AI world. Money is flowing upstream along this chain, layer by layer.

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